Increased school segregation linked to reduced court oversight and school choice |
Over the past 15 years, racial and economic segregation has significantly increased in large U.S. school districts, according to a study by Sean Reardon and Ann Owens of the Stanford University Center on Poverty and Inequality. The study tracked the demographics of schools from 1967 to 2022, highlighting a regression in student exposure to other races and income levels since 1991. In particular, 533 school districts serving the majority of Black K-12 public students saw a 25% increase in Black-white segregation. Hispanic and Asian students, as well as those eligible for free meals, also experience more segregation now compared to 1991. The researchers attribute the rise in segregation not to neighborhood segregation, which has declined, but to the cessation of efforts to integrate schools beyond neighborhood patterns, coupled with the expansion of charter schools and other school choice programs following reduced court oversight. This shift away from court-enforced integration policies, such as bussing and rezoning, has allowed schools to revert to their local demographic patterns, intensifying segregation, according to the research.