Boys pulling further ahead in math |
A global analysis of TIMSS data from 1995 to 2023 has found that boys are increasingly outperforming girls in mathematics, particularly by fourth grade, with significant gender gaps now evident across the majority of participating countries. In 2023, boys outperformed girls in 81% of countries at the fourth-grade level, up sharply from 52% in 2019 and 39% in 2015, while boys were also disproportionately represented among top performers and girls more likely to fall into the lowest achievement bracket. The research, published by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement in partnership with UNESCO, emphasizes that the gap is not due to innate ability, but instead reflects differences in confidence, classroom dynamics, teacher expectations, and persistent gender stereotypes. Girls consistently report lower self-belief in mathematics, which affects their participation, engagement, and long-term learning pathways. To address the issue, the report recommends early interventions to build girls’ confidence in math, training teachers to recognize and counteract bias, and tracking gender-based performance data.